Divorce and Estate Planning: How To Ensure Your Estate Does Not Go to Your Estranged Spouse

Posted on March 10, 2008 by Daniel Clement

Phil Bernstein, in his New York Probate Litigation Blog, highlights several issues about the impact on divorce on an estate plan. In his post, Phil reminds us of the importance of finalizing the divorce settlement as soon as practicable.

There is probably no matrimonial lawyer who has spent substantial time in practice who has not had to deal with the disaster which occurs when a client dies before the entry of a divorce decree or the execution of a stipulation of settlement or separation agreement providing for the couple disinheriting each other. When that happens, as Ms. Hamill so aptly observes, the survivor will generally inherit all the property of the marriage.

You cannot disinherit your spouse during the marriage. Each spouse has an “elective share” in the estate of the other. If you attempt to disinherit your spouse during the marriage, he/she can elect to take his/her elective share (about 1/3 of the estate if there are children of the marriage and ½ if there are no children).

Most settlement agreements contain provisions wherein each spouse waives their respective rights of election and any interest in the other’s estate. If you should die before an agreement containing these waivers is signed or before the court enters a judgment of divorce, your estranged spouse can (and probably will) exercise the right of election and inherit from you.

I had at least one case wherein a wife prolonged the divorce because her husband was ill and she was gambling that her husband would pass away before the divorce was granted and her right of election was extinguished.

The only way to ensure that your estate goes to your intended beneficiaries and not your estranged spouse is to make sure that the divorce settlement agreement is promptly signed.

Mr. Bernstein aptly suggests that you check all of the beneficiary designations of your insurance and retirement plans. If your former spouse is named as a beneficiary, he/she will be paid when you die


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How to Handle Gifts To One Spouse?

Posted on November 6, 2007 by Daniel Clement

The Pennsylvania Family Law Blog poses the very practical question- what do to with a gift or inheritance received during a marriage? How can one insure that a gift to an adult child does not end up marital property subject to the other spouse’s claims?

As the blog post points out,

Generally, marital property means all property acquired by either party during the marriage, regardless of whose name it is in. An exception arises for property acquired by gift (except between spouses), such as an inheritance.


In New York, the same rule applies. Provided the gift remains in the sole name of the recipient of the gift, it will remain  that spouse’s separate  property. If the gift is put in joint names, the other spouse could claim that it is marital property and subject to equitable distribution. The burden shifts to the recipient spouse to prove that the property is and was separate property

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